Featuring a thermal insulation coefficient with an R-Value of 6.5, established according to ASTM F3340-18, the model ensures excellent ground insulation. A higher value signifies greater efficiency in minimizing heat loss.
Overview of R-Value interpretation within the outdoor sector:
- 1.0-2.0 – suitable for summer conditions (nighttime temperatures above approximately 10 deg. C),
- 2.1-3.5 – optimal for spring, summer, and autumn (approximately 0–10 deg. C),
- 3.6-5.0 – designed for cooler settings, around 0 deg. C and sub-zero temperatures down to about -5/-10 deg. C,
- 5.1-7.0 – tailored for winter use at temperatures below 0 deg. C,
- above 7.0 – intended for winter environments requiring enhanced insulation performance.
Thermal comfort will also depend on the overall sleep system (sleeping bag, attire), type of terrain, and personal cold tolerance.
Reduced iron powder serves as the core heating element of the warmer, generating heat through an exothermic reaction when exposed to oxygen. The formulation is complemented by activated carbon, which absorbs oxygen, and table salt, which acts as a catalyst, accelerating the oxidation of the iron powder. Thanks to this composition, heat is produced instantly once the packaging is opened. Mineral vermiculite has been incorporated to regulate and maintain an ideal level of moisture within the warmer.
All of the above components are housed in a microporous cellulose nonwoven fabric, engineered to deliver a steady oxygen flow and uniform heat emission. The specialized nonwoven fabric layer serves as a safeguard, preventing excessive temperatures and minimizing the potential for burns.
Prior to operation, consult the instructions found on the reverse side of the package for proper use of the warmers.
Sleeping bag temperature ratings are based on the EN 13537 standard:
- T-comfort: +2 deg. C – lowest temperature at which a woman can rest comfortably throughout the night.
- T-limit: -2 deg. C – minimum temperature at which a man can sleep overnight without feeling cold.
- T-extreme: -16 deg. C – lowest survivable temperature in the sleeping bag; not intended for regular use.
